Apparatus and General Methods for Exposing Rats to Audiogenic Stress

Apparatus and General Methods for Exposing Rats to Audiogenic Stress

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Most organisms react innately to the sudden onset Kratom Capsules of environmental stimulation.Audiogenic or loud noise in rodents provides an effective threatening signal to study the central nervous circuits responsible for the elaboration of various responses typically elicited by threatening/stressful environmental stimulation.Audiogenic stress offers many advantages over other environmental stimulation, including exquisite Dice control over timing, intensity, and frequency, using off-the-shelf components that produce easily reproducible results.This protocol provides blueprints for the construction of sound attenuation chambers, the associated sound generation, amplification, and delivery equipment, and general procedures sufficient to elicit multimodal responses to loud noises in rodents.